Help & Method

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Product guide

Help & Method

Learn which workspace to use, how to describe the load and how to interpret recommendations and tradeoffs. Solar Sizing Studio is a planning aid, not a weather forecast, equipment certificate or final electrical design.

Start here

From a known load to a reviewed design

The Studio helps you describe the energy demand, choose an appropriate sizing method and understand how a proposed system is likely to behave under representative conditions.

  1. 1

    Establish the load

    Start with the appliance budget to capture the demand the client intends to run. A bill or Generator + Grid use can provide other useful estimates.
  2. 2

    Choose what to size

    Use Battery Backup for battery and inverter sizing during an outage. Use Solar System Sizing when you also need a solar array, seasonal performance or a multi-day resilience plan.
  3. 3

    Review the recommendation

    In Battery Backup, review the energy needed for the requested duration, battery capacity and inverter size. For a solar system, also inspect the array, representative day and twelve-month balance.
  4. 4

    Test practical choices

    Open Design Evaluation to refine a Solar System Sizing recommendation or assess a design you already have. Change proposed capacities and review the resulting margins and tradeoffs.

Starting with known load data

On the start page, open the chevron beside Start solar sizing or Start battery backup to enter known load data directly. Use the main action when you still need to estimate the load from appliances, a bill or generator use.

Before procurement: confirm the final design against actual site conditions, equipment datasheets, protection requirements and applicable engineering standards.

Choose a workspace

Choose the right sizing workspace

These pages answer different questions. Choosing the right one is more important than entering extra detail into the wrong method.

Battery Backup

Sizes a battery and inverter to carry selected loads through a single-day outage, with an optional approximate recharge time.

You provide
Backup load or an Appliance Budget plan, requested backup duration and battery assumptions. A daily energy estimate is also supported.
You get
Required backup energy, nominal battery capacity, a calculated inverter minimum with a nominal suggestion, and an optional approximate recharge time.
Use it when
You need outage backup sizing, not a solar array or multi-day analysis.
Open Battery Backup

Solar System Sizing

Builds an energy-first recommendation from when the load operates and the representative solar resource at the site.

You provide
Location, a representative day's load schedule and Peak simultaneous load. Optional settings include refining battery and autonomy planning, estimating panel quantity or checking roof capacity.
You get
Recommended array, battery and inverter capacities, with representative-day behaviour, twelve-month balance and planning notices.
Use it when
You are sizing a whole site, a substantial load or any system where you are interested in timing, seasonality or how resilience affects the design.
Open Solar System Sizing

Design Evaluation

Evaluates an entered or transferred system design without replacing it with the calculated recommendation.

You provide
The site and load, plus proposed array, battery and inverter totals. Advanced equipment ratings are optional.
You get
Live capacity margins, cycling and autonomy consequences, seasonal support, roof fit and active equipment screens.
Use it when
You want to refine a Solar System Sizing result, work within practical constraints or assess an existing proposal.
Open Design Evaluation

Common workflows

  • Selected outage loads: Load Estimate, then Battery Backup.
  • Whole site or schedule-sensitive load: Load Estimate if needed, then Solar System Sizing.
  • Refine a recommendation: Solar System Sizing, then Tweak design in Design Evaluation.
  • Assess an existing design: Open Design Evaluation and enter the proposal directly.

Choosing a location

Search for the site's city or the nearest major city. The search prioritizes direct city-name matches so a city search does not look like a complete list of its neighbourhoods. Catalogue results use approximate city reference coordinates from GeoNames (CC BY 4.0); they select a regional solar reference, not a street, neighbourhood or exact project boundary. Choose Custom location when the site needs more precise coordinates. Custom fields accept signed decimal degrees or values with N, S, E or W.

Describe the load

Energy, operating schedule and peak demand

A useful result depends on both how much energy the site uses and when it uses it. Power and energy are related, but they are not interchangeable.

Daily Energy Demand, kWh/day
The energy used in a day by the loads planned for the system, calculated from power and operating time. Battery Backup instead reports the energy needed during the requested outage duration.
Average load, kW
The representative operating power within one schedule block. For example, a 3 kW average load maintained for 4 hours uses 12 kWh.
Peak simultaneous load, kW
The highest combined running power expected at one time. It drives the inverter recommendation, is separate from daily energy and does not include startup surge.
Watts and kilowatts
Use the W/kW selector beside a load editor to match the unit in your source data. The value is converted when you switch units, so 1,000 W and 1 kW represent the same power. Always confirm the active unit before transferring or interpreting a result.

Load schedule

Solar System Sizing and Design Evaluation use one continuous 24-hour schedule. Each block describes the average load during that period. Leave the load at zero for any block that does not apply.

  • Day load: the main daytime operating period.
  • Off-hours load: the following period, such as an active evening or reduced business operation.
  • Deep Night load: the remaining overnight demand until the next Day load begins.

Assign start and end times so each applicable block matches the period it represents. The page keeps shared boundaries together and automatically closes the final block at the next Day load start.

Split a block when its average load changes materially within that period. A split initially keeps the same load on both sides, so edit the new value after adding the boundary. Removing an added block preserves the schedule's daily energy by transferring that energy into the adjoining block.

The schedule can contain up to five blocks in total. Starting from the default three-block schedule, this allows two additional splits. The cap keeps the profile detailed enough to capture meaningful operating changes without turning it into appliance-by-appliance scheduling.

Where to get the load

The appliance budget should be the preferred primary method because it captures the demand the client intends to run. A utility bill or Generator + Grid use calculation can provide useful secondary estimates.

Transferred energy still needs a schedule

A daily total can populate Solar System Sizing, but the calculator will not invent when that energy is used. Allocate the transferred energy across the schedule and review the start and end times before calculating.

Organize appliances with optional Sections

Sections are optional labels for organizing appliances by area, floor, function or another useful site grouping. Appliances may also remain in one ungrouped list.

A Section changes presentation only. It does not change appliance energy, Load Period, duty cycle, peak participation or any sizing result. Moving an appliance between Sections therefore keeps its entered values and calculation unchanged.

Removing a populated Section keeps its appliances as ungrouped rows. Use the up and down controls to reorder appliances or move them across a Section boundary without relying on drag-and-drop.

Appliance Budget periods and hours

When the Appliance Budget is Backup-focused, Hours/day may remain blank. A blank value supports that appliance for the full requested backup duration; an entered value caps its default Backup runtime. Battery Backup asks for the requested duration after transfer.

Select Add solar timing before transferring a Backup-focused budget to Solar System Sizing. An appliance with a blank or 0 Hours/day is left out of Solar System Sizing, with a warning before the transfer, and adds nothing to its daily energy or peak. Hiding configured timing later keeps the Solar transfer available.

The Appliance Budget has two views, Guided and Custom. In Guided, choose When used for each appliance (see Guided timing). In Custom, assign each appliance a Load Period: Day, Off-hours and Deep Night ranges appear above the appliance list. Use Edit periods when the site follows a different schedule. Shared boundaries stay linked; extending Off-hours to the next Day start removes Deep Night after its appliances are reassigned.

In Custom, except for a 24-hour appliance, Hours/day must fit its selected period. Use Mixed and split the hours across periods when needed. A 24-hour appliance is automatically distributed across active period durations. Duty cycle reduces energy within the entered operating hours, not peak power.

A missing When used choice holds the Solar transfer until it is chosen. A missing Load Period does not: Custom timing opens with that appliance's hours not yet placed, for you to place there. Hours that exceed a selected period pause the Solar transfer until corrected. None of these prevents an otherwise valid Battery Backup transfer.

Each view transfers only its own values, with the peak: Guided opens Guided timing, and Custom opens Custom timing with its Load Period boundaries. The schedule stays tied to the appliances, so its daily energy always equals the Appliance Budget total.

Guided timing

An Appliance Budget transferred from its Guided view opens in Guided timing. You say when each appliance runs, and Solar System Sizing places its hours in the day for the selected location, with no clock times to enter.

In Appliance Budget, choose Day for an appliance that runs while the sun is up, Evening/Night for one that runs from about when the lights come on until morning, or Both with its Day and Evening/Night hours. An appliance entered as 24 hours runs all day and needs no choice.

The day is divided into four periods from the location's solar data: Early morning, the Sun window, Late afternoon and Night. The Sun window covers the hours when the panels produce most of the day's energy. Night covers the hours when they produce almost nothing, so it can begin shortly before sunset. Early morning and Late afternoon are the weaker solar hours in between.

Day hours go into the Sun window and Evening/Night hours into Night. Day hours are never placed in Night, and Evening/Night hours are never placed in the Sun window.

When an appliance runs longer than its period, the hours that don't fit are its extra hours. Solar System Sizing does not guess where they go. The appliance is listed for a choice: Early morning, Late afternoon or Both shoulders, which splits them in proportion to the two periods' lengths. Only choices that fit are offered, and nothing is calculated until every listed appliance has one. Your choice is kept and applied again when the periods change, and you can change it at any time.

If an appliance's extra hours don't fit even across both shoulders, it can't be placed. Change its hours or When used in Appliance Budget, or move a period boundary.

To match the site's routine, open Review timing and choose Edit period boundaries to move the start or end of the Sun window or Night, in quarter hours. Every appliance is placed again in the new periods with your shoulder choices. The Sun window and Night are each at least 1 hour; Early morning and Late afternoon can shrink to nothing. A move that would leave an appliance with nowhere to go is not made, and the hours that wouldn't fit are shown.

After a move, Restore location periods returns all four boundaries to the location's periods. If you then choose another location, you're asked first: Continue uses the new location's periods, and Use previous periods in Custom timing keeps your moved periods and their placement in Custom timing.

Guided places hours for you. Choose Custom on the Guided | Custom toggle to place each appliance's hours yourself with Edit appliance hours. Custom starts as an exact copy of Guided. You can then move block boundaries, split a block or move hours between blocks. Each appliance's hours must still add up to its Hours/day, which is changed only in Appliance Budget.

In Custom timing, Switch to direct entry lets you type each block's average load instead. Return to appliance schedule goes back to Custom and discards those edits.

Switching back to Guided keeps your Custom schedule for later. If Guided or the Appliance Budget has changed when you return, choose Keep Custom edits or Reset, which starts again from the current Guided schedule. A location change updates Guided only; Custom and Direct entry keep their times. A transfer from Appliance Budget's Custom view opens Custom timing directly, with each appliance in its Load Period, and Guided isn't available for it.

Guided suits most homes. Custom suits sites with set operating hours, such as an office open 08:00–17:00 whatever the Sun window: enter the appliances in Appliance Budget's Custom view, with Load Periods matching those hours, and the transfer opens Custom timing directly. Custom also fits an appliance that runs at a particular time of day, such as a pump only around noon or a cooker at 18:00, or a scheduled generator or grid supply. Use Direct entry when you know each block's load, for example from metering.

Refine simultaneous peak

By default, the Appliance Budget peak includes the full rated power of every appliance, multiplied by quantity. Turn on Refine simultaneous peak in Consumption to build the highest-power combination expected to run at one time. Keep a load selected when it is expected to run throughout the requested backup duration because it overlaps every other operating load.

A shorter-runtime load may be excluded only when it will not overlap the highest-demand combination; a short runtime alone does not remove it from peak. When heavy loads are deliberately staggered, select the combination with the higher total power. Excluding an appliance from peak does not remove its energy. When only part of a multi-quantity appliance group runs at peak, split it into meaningful appliance rows. Battery Backup inherits these choices; revise them in Consumption and transfer the plan again.

Peak represents running load, not startup surge. Check the selected inverter's startup capacity for motors, pumps, compressors and other surge loads.

Battery Backup

Using Battery Backup

Plan the loads that must stay on during an outage. Choose the requested backup duration, then review the energy, battery and inverter results.

Choose the load source
Backup load
Enter the combined running load in kW. Required AC backup energy is backup load × requested hours. This load initially sets the peak too; refining the peak changes inverter sizing, not backup energy.
Daily energy estimate
Choose Use a daily energy estimate instead if you have an energy total rather than a running load. Average load is daily energy ÷ Energy represented over (24 hours by default), then multiplied by the requested backup duration. This assumes average use over that period; it does not reconstruct appliance timing. Bill and Generator + Grid transfers use this method. Enter peak load separately: energy alone cannot establish it. Choose Use backup load to switch to direct load entry.
Appliance Budget
In Consumption, select Size battery backup to transfer the appliance plan. Backup energy is calculated from each included appliance's power, quantity, duty cycle and backup runtime, rather than assuming every appliance runs for the whole outage.
Adjust appliances for the outage

Open Adjust backup appliances to exclude appliances that can remain off or change how long each needs power. When source Hours/day is blank, blank Backup runtime uses the full requested duration. When source Hours/day was entered, blank Backup runtime uses the shorter of that value and the requested duration. Mixed-period hours are added together first.

For example, a 1 kW pump normally used for 1 hour contributes 1 kWh to a 4-hour backup plan, not 4 kWh. A 24-hour appliance uses the requested duration, not 24 hours during a shorter outage.

An explicit Backup runtime may range from zero to the requested duration, in quarter-hour steps. It may exceed normal Hours/day if the outage plan requires it. Duty cycle still applies to energy; blank duty cycle means 100%.

Excluding an appliance from backup removes both its energy and its contribution to peak. An appliance excluded only from the source peak combination can still need backup energy. Peak uses full rated power, not runtime or duty-cycle averages.

Reset backup plan restores backup inclusion and runtime defaults. Appliance names, quantity, watts and source peak choices are changed in Consumption, not here. Backup adjustments do not change the source Appliance Budget.

Read energy, battery and inverter results
Required backup energy, kWh
The AC energy needed by the selected loads during the requested backup duration, not total daily energy.
Nominal battery capacity, kWh
Required AC energy ÷ (Backup DoD × inverter efficiency), using fractions. Defaults are 80% Backup DoD and 95% inverter efficiency; capacity is rounded up to 0.1 kWh, or 10 Wh below 1 kWh. Battery round-trip efficiency is not part of this formula, and no hidden reserve is added.
Inverter, kW
The calculated minimum is peak simultaneous running load × 1.30. The secondary nominal suggestion is the next supported planning size, not a product recommendation. Requirements above the suggestion range need an engineered or multi-unit solution. The 30% headroom does not model or guarantee startup surge.

Example: 0.8 kW for 5 hours needs 4 kWh of AC energy. With the default assumptions, the battery is 5.3 kWh, the calculated inverter minimum is 1.04 kW and the nominal suggestion is 1.5 kW.

Estimate recharge time (optional)
Recharge energy, kWh
Required AC backup energy ÷ round-trip efficiency (90% default), the energy the supply returns to the battery after the outage.
Charging power, kW
The smaller of the battery limit and the supply limit. The battery limit is the charge rate (0.1C, 0.25C default, 0.5C or 1C) × the recommended nominal battery, or the entered charging power when the charger rating is known. A generator's limit is its usable power (kVA × power factor) minus the load while charging, which defaults to the backup plan's average load. The grid is not treated as a limit. If the generator cannot carry the load while charging, no time is shown.
Recharge time, hours
Recharge energy ÷ charging power, shown as an approximate figure.

Example: 1.3 kW for 6 hours needs 7.8 kWh and a 10.3 kWh battery. Recharge energy is 8.7 kWh. From the grid at 0.25C (2.6 kW) it takes approximately 3.4 hours; a 3.5 kVA generator with 1.3 kW of load leaves 1.5 kW, approximately 5.8 hours.

The estimate assumes constant charging power. Charger taper near full charge, battery temperature, supply voltage, generator stability and load variation lengthen real recharge time. Recharge inputs never change the energy, battery or inverter results.

Check assumptions and limits

The backup plan covers a single day. Requested backup duration and Energy represented over accept 0.25–24 hours in quarter-hour steps. Use Solar System Sizing for solar-array sizing, solar recharge or multi-day autonomy.

Direct load, daily energy and peak must be positive. Backup DoD and inverter efficiency must be greater than zero and no more than 100%. An appliance plan needs at least one included appliance and positive backup energy and peak. Results remain hidden until all required inputs are valid.

Backup calculates implied average load as required AC backup energy divided by requested backup duration. If that average exceeds the stated simultaneous peak by more than the 5% review allowance, Backup retains the stated peak and shows a neutral consistency note. The allowance suppresses small estimation or rounding differences; it does not change the energy, battery or inverter calculation. The separate inverter minimum still uses 30% operating headroom. This comparison does not account for startup surge.

A longer duration or lower Backup DoD can provide explicit contingency. Above 82% Backup DoD, frequent deep cycling can shorten battery life. Confirm permitted DoD, continuous output and startup capacity against the selected battery and inverter datasheets; this calculation does not certify equipment compatibility.

Transfer a revised Appliance Budget

The transferred plan is a snapshot, not a live connection. Revising Consumption does not silently change the current backup plan. Transfer again to use a revised source.

When a snapshot is already active, confirm replacement to use the entire new plan and reset backup-only adjustments. Cancel keeps the existing snapshot and adjustments. Rows are not matched by name or merged between plans.

The current snapshot and backup adjustments are retained in the session draft when navigating or refreshing the same tab. Start new design clears them along with the other workspace drafts.

Read the system

What the three headline capacities mean

In Solar System Sizing and Design Evaluation, the array, battery and inverter solve different parts of the design. They should not be scaled together by a fixed ratio.

Solar array, kWp

Rated panel capacity. Solar System Sizing checks the energy needed to serve the load directly and to replace battery energy after storage losses.

Battery, kWh

Nominal stored-energy capacity. It carries the load when PV is below demand. A larger battery stores more energy.

Inverter, kW

Continuous AC output capacity. The recommendation follows Peak simultaneous load with planning headroom. Solar charging power is checked separately.

Required and proposed capacity

Solar System Sizing calculates what the entered site and load require under the selected planning assumptions. Design Evaluation keeps your proposed capacities unchanged and compares them with that requirement.

A positive margin means the proposal is above the calculated requirement for that check. A negative margin shows the size of the shortfall. A margin does not confirm compatibility between specific products.

Charging power is a separate check

Required Solar-to-Battery Charging Power describes how quickly representative PV refill and any selected solar autonomy recovery allowance must move through the charging path within the selected Charge window. It does not increase the inverter AC output recommendation and does not independently set array kWp.

Optional planning input

Routine External Supply Support

Routine External Supply Support includes expected grid or generator availability when calculating the solar array and battery recommendation. The result depends on that support being available.

One or two regular daily periods

Enter when grid or generator support normally starts and stops, using 15-minute increments. One primary period is required and one additional period may be added. The periods cannot overlap, but they may touch. Each period can use a different source, and each generator period has its own rating. The calculator applies both periods directly to the local-time load and solar profiles. An overnight interval may stop earlier on the clock than it starts.

The source is not preselected. Choose it deliberately for each period: generator schedules are normally operator-controlled, while Grid — regular dependable supply should be used only when a dependable grid interval is a reasonable planning assumption. The standard flow does not accept average hours/day because the same duration can affect solar and battery sizing very differently depending on when it occurs.

The entered schedule is an operating assumption, not a supply forecast. If actual availability is irregular or less reliable than the entered interval, disable routine assistance and use the independent recommendation, or enter a shorter schedule that the project can reasonably depend on.

Extra low-solar autonomy remains an independent resilience target and continues to protect the complete entered load. It may therefore govern the battery or solar-recovery result even when routine external assistance reduces the normal daily recommendation.

How the external source is used

Each support period selects Inverter during support. Bypass (default): the grid or generator carries the load and solar only charges the battery. Blended: solar carries the load first and the grid or generator covers the rest. Source Only: solar is off while the grid or generator runs. Outside the support periods, solar serves the load first, spare solar charges the battery and the battery covers the rest.

Choose what the site's inverter does; the result assumes it. If the equipment behaves differently, it may be undersized: a system that stops solar during support but is designed with Bypass is credited with battery charging that never happens.

One hour-by-hour calculation sets the array and battery. The battery covers the day's battery duty within Routine Cycling DoD, as without support, and is never larger than the battery without support. The grid or generator also charges the battery during its period: a generator only with its spare capacity, the grid without limit. Solar must still produce at least the load energy used outside the support periods. Source Only can need a larger array than no support; the result says so.

Daily battery refill requirement is the input energy needed to replace the energy the battery supplies, including storage loss. Required External-to-Battery Charging Power is the grid or generator charging the design counts on, spread evenly over the support hours. Solar-to-battery charging power also includes the daily autonomy-recovery allowance when solar recovery is selected. A faster compatible charger may complete refill sooner, but it does not increase the refill energy or the battery recommendation.

Generator-assisted design

Enter the generator kVA rating and rated power factor. The calculator estimates usable kW. If it is below the highest load in that period, there is no design, and the minimum rating appears under the rating. The generator charges the battery only with the capacity left after carrying the load. Starting surges, prime or standby rating, actual load power factor, temperature, altitude and transient response still need equipment review.

Grid-assisted design

Use grid assistance only for a regular interval the design can reasonably depend on. The standard flow assumes the grid service can carry the connected load and does not invent a physical grid-capacity limit. The displayed load-plus-charging power is a calculated requirement; confirm that the service, inverter/charger and battery can sustain it.

When there is no design

The result shows no design, with the reason, when a generator is too small for its period, when support covers all load, or when less than 10% of the day's sun falls outside the Source Only periods. Below that share the array would grow without practical limit.

Seasonal support

Each month uses the same calculation with the same support. A month is short only when its solar and the available grid or generator charging cannot refill the battery; with a grid period the refill always closes. Seasonal support reports that shortfall beyond the routine external contribution.

Battery planning

Routine cycling, autonomy and recovery

In Solar System Sizing and Design Evaluation, routine daily operation and an exceptional low-solar period are different planning cases. When autonomy is enabled, the calculator checks both and uses the larger battery requirement.

Routine Cycling DoD

The battery-sizing allowance for normal representative-day cycling. A lower setting calculates a larger bank with shallower intended cycling. A higher setting may calculate a smaller bank, but allows deeper routine cycling.

This is not the inverter or BMS shutdown setting. The displayed actual routine DoD shows how deeply the selected or proposed battery cycles for the calculated daily duty.

Autonomy planning

Autonomy days represent a selected low-solar planning scenario, not a promise that the weather will follow that sequence. The calculator considers the reduced PV contribution entered for bad days and sizes the reserve for the remaining energy shortfall.

Minimum Allowable SOC

This is the lowest planned battery state of charge after the complete selected autonomy period. It appears only when extra autonomy days are enabled.

A lower minimum makes more of the nominal bank available during the event and may reduce the calculated autonomy capacity. The configured battery, BMS and inverter must permit the selected floor.

Solar recovery

The array may increase so it can restore the depleted autonomy reserve within the selected number of normal worst-month solar days.

Generator or grid-assisted recovery

The routine array is retained and the external source is responsible for restoring the autonomy reserve.

Interpret performance

Representative day and seasonal support

The charts show planning relationships based on the entered schedule and long-term solar conditions. They do not predict the output of a specific day.

Representative day

Select a month to see how the load and PV profile interact through a representative 24-hour day. The chart separates energy supplied directly by PV, energy sent toward the battery and energy supplied from the battery to the load.

Solar covers load shows the periods when PV output meets or exceeds the actual scheduled load. A refined schedule can create more than one coverage period. Times are approximate and rounded to avoid implying minute-level weather precision.

The displayed local UTC offset is the clock basis for both the entered load schedule and the hourly solar profile. The calculator retains the underlying IANA time zone so applicable daylight-saving rules are included.

When only monthly solar data is available, the calculator estimates the hourly daylight shape from the site coordinates, time zone and month, then normalizes it to preserve the monthly sun-hours. This is a planning profile, not measured hourly weather.

Twelve-month balance

Energy Demand includes the load plus the energy needed to replace routine battery use after storage losses. PV energy shows the representative daily production for each month.

A month is in shortfall when PV energy cannot meet that full requirement. The bar height shows the energy gap, while the colour distinguishes a shortfall month from one that meets demand.

Seasonal support expected is a planning notice for an annual-average design. It identifies seasonal months when grid or generator energy may be needed after routine battery charging. It does not mean the overall recommendation has failed, and a larger battery alone cannot replace solar energy that is not available.

You can move to Design Evaluation and increase the proposed solar array to explore covering these seasonal shortfalls. But bear in mind that the additional solar capacity will produce more PV energy than the load and battery can use during the other solar periods. This unused energy is reported as estimated curtailment.

In Design Evaluation, expected seasonal support appears in its own Seasonal energy context card and does not count against Overall design status. The notice is labelled as a hybrid operating plan for a standard design and an autonomy operating plan when extra autonomy days are selected. If the proposed array is below the calculated requirement, the notice states the array shortfall directly.

Panels and roof

Panel quantity and preliminary roof capacity

Panel quantity translates the total array rating into an approximate module count. Roof capacity asks whether that quantity is likely to fit within a broad mounting-area allowance.

Panel rating, Wp
The nameplate rating of one module. A higher-rated panel generally reduces the number required for the same array kWp.
Panel quantity
The approximate whole-module count needed to reach the array capacity. Final stringing and compatible inverter or MPPT selection require specific equipment design.
Roof capacity
A preliminary estimate of the array capacity that can fit using the entered roof area, panel rating, panel area and roof type.

How to interpret the check

Pitched-roof planning reserves part of the roof for non-panel use. Flat-roof planning uses the selected Ground coverage ratio to allow for spacing and access between rows.

If the roof holds less than the required array, Solar System Sizing lets you compare the Roof-only installation with the Required capacity scenario. The latter assumes another mounting area, such as a carport or ground mount. Design Evaluation keeps the proposed array unchanged and flags the roof margin.

Roof capacity is not a module layout, shading study or structural assessment. Setbacks, obstructions, access, drainage, row spacing and roof condition require a site survey.

Refine and compare

Using Design Evaluation

Start with a Solar System Sizing recommendation or enter a design you already have. Adjust the design to explore different options, priorities and constraints.

  1. 1

    Confirm the basis

    Review the location, load schedule, Peak simultaneous load and refinement settings. A transferred design keeps the Solar System Sizing basis so the comparison remains consistent.
  2. 2

    Enter total proposed capacities

    Enter total array kWp, nominal battery kWh and inverter kW directly.
  3. 3

    Change one choice at a time

    Adjust the design and watch the relevant Design impact callout. The Overall design status counts equipment-level shortfalls and planning cautions, while the separate Seasonal energy context card explains expected support. A capacity shortfall and its direct consequence, such as an undersized battery causing deep cycling, count as one equipment issue.
  4. 4

    Review the detailed checks

    Use the representative day and seasonal balance to understand energy behaviour, then review margins, bottlenecks and warnings for active equipment screens.
Change
Solar array
Solar production, direct coverage, routine battery duty, solar recovery and seasonal support.
Battery
Capacity margin, routine cycling depth, autonomy margin and battery-capacity-based equipment limits. Nominal capacity alone does not create more solar energy.
Inverter
Continuous AC headroom above Peak Load and any entered inverter battery-port bottleneck.
Load or assumptions
The calculated requirement and all representative operating checks.

Pass

The proposal meets that active representative check. It is not a blanket equipment approval.

Caution

An enabled target or active constraint needs review.

Shortfall

The proposal does not meet a calculated capacity target or an enabled equipment limit.

Operating plan

An expected operating tradeoff, such as seasonal grid or generator support, that does not represent a failed requirement.

Assumptions and limits

What the results can and cannot establish

The Studio aims for a defensible planning representation. The results are only as reliable as the entered load and assumptions, and they should not be presented as exact operating predictions.

Solar system planning assumptions

  • The load schedule represents a typical 24-hour operating pattern.
  • Solar performance uses long-term monthly and hourly climatology, not live or forecast weather.
  • Panel derating represents combined planning losses such as heat, dust, soiling, wiring and conversion effects.
  • Battery Round-Trip Efficiency represents the combined loss on energy stored and returned in solar-system planning. Battery Backup does not use it to size nominal capacity.
  • Inverter efficiency affects the nominal battery capacity needed to deliver AC energy.
  • Tilt and azimuth are not modeled as separate numerical corrections. Confirm the installed orientation, shading and layout during site-specific design.

Result boundaries

  • Equipment capacities are entered and compared at 0.1 kWp, 0.1 kWh and 0.1 kW boundaries, or 0.01 below 1 unit (10 Wp, 10 Wh, 10 W). This is interface granularity, not a claim of site-level precision.
  • Displayed coverage times, seasonal support and curtailment are rounded planning estimates.
  • The method does not perform shading, horizon, structural, string, MPPT, protection or detailed roof-layout design.
  • It does not certify surge capability, motor starting, BMS behaviour, charge curves, thermal derating, ageing or product compatibility.
  • Load within each schedule block is averaged over the block's length. Guided timing keeps Night hours in Night, so this averaging does not credit solar supply to night use. Night hours placed in a shoulder receive that shoulder's partial solar supply.
  • Moving Guided period boundaries changes this protection unevenly. Stretching the Sun window into dark hours is conservative. Stretching Night into daylight spreads night load into hours when the array produces, which can understate the battery needed.
  • A shoulder choice spreads extra hours across the whole Early morning or Late afternoon period, not at a clock time. An appliance that runs in a narrow part of a period, or in bright late-morning sun, is represented better in Custom timing.
  • The periods describe one fixed representative day for the whole year. The twelve-month balance still reports seasonal shortfalls.
  • Guided timing spreads Night load evenly across the whole Night. When a generator or grid supply is scheduled for part of the night, the battery need depends on how much load falls inside those hours. Use Custom timing to place the hours around the supply period.

Design Evaluation equipment limits

Optional battery charge and discharge kW ratings, C-rates and inverter battery-port limits belong only in Design Evaluation. They screen representative continuous hourly-average power. When several applicable limits are entered, the lowest becomes the bottleneck.

Passing these checks does not confirm surge performance, thermal behaviour, communications compatibility, protection coordination or manufacturer approval.

Keep the work

Drafts, transfers, saving and export

Session drafts retain inputs while you work. Solar System Sizing also offers named saved designs and exports for a longer-lived record.

Automatic session drafts

Consumption, Battery Backup, Solar System Sizing and Design Evaluation retain their entered inputs when you move between pages or refresh the current tab. Use Clear all on Consumption to reset that calculator, or Start new design in the navigation to clear every workspace draft. Named saved designs remain available.

Transfer between pages

Consumption can populate Battery Backup or Solar System Sizing. An Appliance Budget opens Guided or Custom timing in Solar System Sizing directly, with its peak. A bill or Generator + Grid use estimate asks you to allocate its daily energy across the schedule: Apply schedule uses it and Discard import keeps the existing schedule. Battery Backup uses a snapshot with separate outage adjustments: see Battery Backup transfer guidance. Solar System Sizing can populate Design Evaluation through Tweak design.

Import an appliance workbook

In the Consumption Appliance Budget, download the sample and use the Appliance name, Qty, Watts and Hours/day headings. Hours/day cells may remain blank for a Backup-focused budget; complete them before Solar System Sizing. Load Periods and Duty cycle (%) are optional. The workbook is checked in your browser and is not uploaded. After you confirm, the imported appliances replace every existing Appliance Budget row.

Appliance Budget load periods

A Custom-view transfer carries its Load Period boundaries into Custom timing; a Guided-view transfer uses periods from the location. Review period and peak guidance before transferring. Battery Backup uses appliance runtime rather than either schedule.

Save in this browser

Named Solar System Sizing designs are stored in the current browser. They are not cloud records and will not automatically appear on another device or browser profile. A saved design keeps its load schedule mode, including Guided or Custom timing and any choice still waiting, and reopens as it was saved.

Export the result

Solar System Sizing JSON provides a detailed customer-facing planning record with the entered load, its schedule basis and assumptions, selected scenario, recommended capacities, key outcomes, monthly summaries, warnings and limitations. The one-page PDF keeps the result concise, with one Load schedule line. Neither export includes coordinates or internal hourly calculations. Battery Backup currently has session drafts, not named saved designs or result exports.

Quick reference

Terminology

These definitions describe how terms are used inside Solar Sizing Studio.

Autonomy days
In solar-system planning, a selected number of low-solar days for which additional battery reserve is planned.
Backup runtime
How long an included appliance runs within the requested outage duration. It is not its normal daily operating schedule.
Backup DoD
The share of nominal battery capacity planned for the backup event, 80% by default. It is separate from routine cycling and autonomy assumptions in solar-system planning.
Battery duty
The representative AC load energy supplied by the battery when PV does not meet the load.
Capacity margin
The proposed capacity minus the calculated requirement for the same component or constraint.
Charge window
The assumed time available for solar to replace routine battery energy and, when selected, provide the daily autonomy-recovery allowance.
Depth of Discharge, DoD
The share of nominal battery capacity used during a cycle. A 55% DoD leaves 45% state of charge.
Early morning
In Guided timing, the weaker solar hours between Night and the Sun window. It is one of the two shoulders.
Extra hours
In Guided timing, an appliance's hours beyond its Sun window or Night period. You choose whether they go in Early morning, Late afternoon or Both shoulders.
Late afternoon
In Guided timing, the weaker solar hours between the Sun window and Night. It is one of the two shoulders.
Minimum Allowable SOC
The lowest planned state of charge at the end of the selected autonomy event.
Night
In Guided timing, the hours when the panels produce almost nothing for sizing. It is set from the location's solar data, not the clock, so it can begin shortly before sunset.
Peak sun-hours
Daily solar energy expressed as the equivalent number of hours at full irradiance. It is not the number of daylight hours.
Recovery
Restoration of the energy used from the autonomy reserve, either by solar or an external source.
Seasonal support
Grid or generator energy that may be needed in representative weaker-solar months.
State of Charge, SOC
The share of nominal battery capacity remaining at a given point.
Sun window
In Guided timing, the part of the day when the panels produce most of the day's energy at the selected location. It is not the number of daylight hours.